인물> [해외축구 돋보기]슛 대신 패스버튼 눌렀나…맨시티 팬들 뒷목 잡게 한 ‘실바 미스터리’ | 군포철쭉축제

2014년 10월 29일 ○ 주관연구기관명 :한국지식재산연구원 ○ 연 구 기 간 :2014년 4월 30일~2014년 10월 29일 ○ 주관연구책임자 :강 경 남 부연구위원 ○ 참여연구원 ․연 구 원 :임소진(부연구위원) ․연 구 원 :김국환(전 문 위 원) ․연구보조원 :김규환(위촉연구원) ․보 조 원 :한선아(주 임) - iii - 목 차 제1장 서론 ········································································································································ 1 제2장 선행연구 ································································································································ 2 제1절 국가 및 지역 경쟁력에 관한 연구 ·················································································· 2 1. Porter의 다이아몬드 모델 ······································································································ 2 2. 일반화된 더블 다이아몬드 모델 ··························································································· 4 3. 9-팩터 모델 ······························································································································· 4 4. IPS 도시경쟁력 평가모델 ········································································································ 5 5. 이중 더블 다이아몬드 모델 ··································································································· 6 제2절 혁신역량에 관한 연구 ········································································································ 8 1. 국가적 차원 ······························································································································· 8 2. 지역적 차원 ····························································································································· 11 3. 지식재산에 관한 선행연구 ··································································································· 19 제3장 지역 IP역량 진단지표의 구성 ·························································································22 제1절 지표의 구성 ························································································································ 22 1. 지표의 개요 ····························································································································· 22 2. 세부지표별 지역역량과의 관계 ··························································································· 25 가. 투입 ····································································································································· 25 (1) 지식재산규모와 품질 ········································································································52 (2) 민간 및 공공의 R&D투자 ·······························································································52 나. 인프라 ································································································································· 26 (1) 지자체와 지원기관의 역량과 활동 ················································································62 (2) 산업구조와 IP전문서비스 인력 ······················································································62 다. 활동 ····································································································································· 27 - iv - (1) IP수행조직 ··························································································································72 (2) IP연구인력 ··························································································································72 (3) IP경영 ··································································································································82 라. 성과 ····································································································································· 28 (1) 지식재산 창출성과 ············································································································82 (2) 경제적 성과 ························································································································92 제2절 지표별 가중치 설정 ·········································································································· 31 1. AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) ·····················································································1··· 3 가. 개요 ····································································································································· 31 (1) AHP의 장단점 ····················································································································13 2. 다기준분석 방법론 선정 ······································································································· 31 가. 다기준분석 방법론 개요 ································································································· 31 (1) 평점모형(Scoring Method) ·····························································································2·· 3 (2) 다속성효용함수법(Multi-Attribute Utility Theory) ················································2······ 3 3. AHP의 선정 이유 ··················································································································· 3 4. AHP를 통한 지표별 가중치 결과 ······················································································· 34 제3절 개별지표의 의미 및 산출방법 ························································································ 35 1. 투입 ··········································································································································· 35 가. IP스톡 ·································································································································· 35 (1) IP규모 ··································································································································53 (2) IP품질 ··································································································································73 나. 재정투자 ····························································································································· 38 (1) IP투자 ··································································································································83 (2) R&D투자 ·····························································································································93 2. 인프라 ······································································································································· 40 가. 지자체 ································································································································· 40 (1) IP조직 ··································································································································04 (2) 조례제정 ······························································································································14 - v - 나. 지역지식재산센터 ············································································································· 42 (1) 역량 ······································································································································24 (2) 활동 ······································································································································ 4 다. 인력 ····································································································································· 46 (1) IP전문인력 ··························································································································64 (2) 교육 ······································································································································74 3. 활동 ··········································································································································· 48 가. 공공 ····································································································································· 48 (1) R&D 수행조직 ···················································································································84 (2) IP경영 및 산학협력 ··········································································································94 나. 민간 ····································································································································· 50 (1) R&D 수행조직 ···················································································································05 (2) IP경영 ··································································································································15 4. 성과 ··········································································································································· 53 가. IP창출성과 ·························································································································· 53 (1) 양적 성과 ····························································································································35 (2) 질적 성과 ····························································································································45 (3) 기업활동 성과 ···················································································································· 5 나. 경제적 성과 ······················································································································· 56 (1) IP이전성과 ··························································································································65 (2) IP사업화 성과 ····················································································································75 (3) 산업생산성 ··························································································································85 제4장 샘플분석 ······························································································································ 59 제1절 투입 ······································································································································ 59 1. IP스톡 ········································································································································ 59 가. IP규모 ·································································································································· 59 나. IP품질 ·································································································································· 61 - vi - 2. 재정투자 ··································································································································· 62 가. IP투자 ·································································································································· 62 나. R&D투자 ····························································································································· 63 제2절 인프라 ·································································································································· 65 1. 지자체 ······································································································································· 65 가. IP조직 ·································································································································· 65 나. 조례제정 ····························································································································· 66 2. 지역지식재산센터(RIPC) ········································································································76 가. 역량 ····································································································································· 68 나. 활동 ····································································································································· 69 3. 인력 ··········································································································································· 70 가. IP전문인력 ·························································································································· 70 나. 교육 ····································································································································· 71 제3절 활동 ······································································································································ 73 1. 공공 ··········································································································································· 73 가. R&D수행조직 ····················································································································· 73 나. IP경영 및 산학협력 ·········································································································· 74 2. 민간 ··········································································································································· 75 가. R&D수행조직 ····················································································································· 76 나. IP경영 ·································································································································· 76 제4절 성과 ······································································································································ 78 1. IP창출성과 ································································································································ 78 가. 양적성과 ····························································································································· 78 나. 질적성과 ····························································································································· 79 다. 기업활동성과 ····················································································································· 80 2. 경제적성과 ······························································································································· 80 가. IP이전성과 ·························································································································· 81 - vii - 나. IP사업화 성과 ···················································································································· 82 다. 산업생산성 ························································································································· 83 제5장 시사점 및 제언 ··················································································································48 [붙임] AHP 분석을 위한 설문지 ································································································58 참고문헌 ········································································································································ 100 - viii - <표 차례> 표 1. 국가혁신역량측정의 세부지표 ························································································· 10 표 2. 지역혁신역량진단의 세부지표 ························································································· 17 표 3. 지역지식재산역량(특허)진단의 지표분류 ·····································································02 표 4. 혁신역량지표 ····················································································································· 21 표 5. 세부지표별 지역역량과의 관계 ······················································································· 29 표 6. IP스톡 분류 ·························································································································· 59 표 7. IP규모 세부지표 및 산출방법 ·························································································· 60 표 8. IP품질 세부지표 및 산출방법 ·························································································· 61 표 9. 재정투자 분류 ····················································································································· 62 표 10. IP투자 세부지표 및 산출방법 ························································································ 62 표 11. R&D투자 세부지표 및 산출방법 ················································································· 63 표 12. 지자체의 분류 ··················································································································· 65 표 13. IP조직 세부지표 및 산출방법 ························································································ 65 표 14. 조례제정 세부지표 및 산출방법 ··················································································· 66 표 15. 지역지식재산센터 분류 ··································································································· 67 표 16. 역량 세부지표 및 산출방법 ··························································································· 68 표 17. 활동의 세부지표 및 산정방법 ······················································································· 69 표 18. 인력 분류 ························································································································· 70 표 19. IP전문인력 세부지표 및 산출방법 ················································································ 70 표 20. 교육의 세부지표 및 산출방법 ······················································································· 71 표 21. 공공 분류 ························································································································· 73 표 22. R&D수행조직 세부지표 및 산출방법 ··········································································· 73 표 23. IP경영 및 산학협력 세부지표 및 산출방법 ································································ 74 표 24. 민간 분류 ··························································································································· 75 표 25. R&D수행조직의 세부지표 및 산출방법 ······································································· 76 표 26. IP경영의 세부지표 및 산출방법 ···················································································· 7 표 27. IP창출성과 분류 ················································································································ 78 - ix - 표 28. 양적성과 세부지표 및 산출방법 ················································································· 78 표 29. 질적성과의 세부지표 및 산출방법 ············································································· 79 표 30. 기업활동성과 세부지표 및 산출방법 ········································································· 80 표 31. 경제적성과의 분류 ··········································································································· 80 표 32. IP이전성과 세부지표 및 산출방법 ·············································································· 81 표 33. IP사업화 성과 세부지표 및 산출방법 ········································································ 82 표 34. 산업생산성 세부지표 및 산출방법 ············································································· 83 - x - <그림 차례> 그림 1. 국가 우위의 결정요소 ····································································································· 2 그림 2. 전체 시스템 ······················································································································· 3 그림 3. 일반화된 더블 다이아몬드 모델 ··················································································· 4 그림 4. 9팩터 모델 ························································································································· 5 그림 5. IPS 도시경쟁력 평가 체계 ······························································································ 6 그림 6. 이중 더블 다이아몬드 모델의 구조 ············································································· 7 그림 7. 국가혁신역량 측정 ··········································································································· 8 그림 8. 국가산업클러스터 혁신방향 ··························································································· 9 그림 9. 지역 경쟁력의 두 가지 가상 모델 ············································································· 11 그림 10. 4가지 요인 ····················································································································· 1 그림 11. 혁신환경개발 모델 ······································································································· 12 그림 12. 과학기술혁신역량평가 모형의 기본 틀 ··································································· 13 그림 13. 지역 과학기술혁신역량평가 지표의 기본 틀 ························································· 14 그림 14. 지표의 개요 ················································································································· 22 그림 15. 지표의 모식도 ··············································································································· 24 그림 16. 지표별 가중치(AHP분석 결과) ·················································································43 그림 17. 주요 지역별 결과(지재권 규모) ·················································································06 그림 18. 주요 지역별 결과(지재권 품질) ·················································································16 그림 19. 주요 지역별 결과(IP투자) ···························································································36 그림 20. 주요 지역별 결과(R&D 투자) ····················································································46 그림 21. 주요 지역별 결과(IP조직) ···························································································66 그림 22. 주요 지역별 결과(조례제정) ·······················································································76 그림 23. 주요 지역별 결과(RIPC 역량) ····················································································86 그림 24 주요 지역별 결과(RIPC 활동) ·····················································································96 그림 25. 주요 지역별 결과(IP전문인력) ···················································································17 그림 26. 주요 지역별 결과(교육) ·······························································································27 그림 27. 주요 지역별 결과(R&D수행조직) ··············································································47 - xi - 그림 28. 주요 지역별 결과(IP경영 및 산학협력) ···································································57 그림 29. 주요 지역별 결과(R&D수행조직) ··············································································67 그림 30. 주요 지역별 결과(IP경영) ···························································································77 그림 31. 주요 지역별 결과(양적성과) ·······················································································97 그림 32. 주요 지역별 결과(질적성과) ·······················································································97 그림 33. 주요 지역별 결과(기업활동 성과) ···········································································08 그림 34. 주요 지역별 결과(IP이전성과) ···················································································18 그림 35 주요 지역별 결과(IP사업화 성과) ··············································································28 그림 36. 주요 지역별 결과(산업생산성) ···················································································38 - xii - 요 약 문 지식재산의 중요성이 부각되면서 지식재산의 창출,활용이 이루어지고 있는 공간적 단위로서의 지역의 중요성 또한 더욱 강조되고 있다.지역 경쟁력에 대한 그동안의 논의는 클러스터 등 산업분야별 지역에 대한 고찰 위주로 진행되어 왔으며,지역의 균형 발전에 대한 인식이 강화되면서 지자체의 역량강화에 대한 요구와 함께 이를 진단할 수 있는 모델들에 대한 연구가 본격화되었다.지식재산과 관련하여서도,지방 정부는 5년마다 중앙 정부에 기본계획을 수립하여 제출하도록 되어있으나,아직까 지 지자체에 지식재산 역량 강화를 위해 어떤 노력이 필요한지 적절한 시사점을 제공할 수 있는 지표는 부재한 상황이다.이에 본 연구에서는 지역의 지식재산 역량을 객관적으로 진단하고,그 결과를 통해 어떤 부분이 강조되어야 하는지에 대한 정책적 제언을 제공할 수 있는 진단모델을 개발하고자 하였다.

- 165 - 연도 출원 등록 연도 출원 등록 1986 1 1 2001 20 16 1987 0 0 2002 20 31 1988 3 0 2003 11 21 1989 2 0 2004 16 16 1990 11 0 2005 21 5 1991 7 3 2006 18 13 1992 8 18 2007 24 28 1993 8 7 2008 22 20 1994 7 2 2009 34 25 1995 1 2 2010 27 19 1996 10 3 2011 51 4 1997 4 10 2012 50 14 1998 9 0 2013 53 85 1999 20 7 2014 - 106 2000 5 8 표 50 신젠타의 연도별 PVP 출원 및 등록 현황 그림 84 신젠타의 연도별 PVP 출원 및 등록 동향 작물의 종류별로 살펴보면, 옥수수가 178건으로 가장 많고, 밀 76건, 대두(Soybean) 63 건, 콩(Bean) 55건, 완두콩(Pea) 47건, 수박 13건의 순서로 나타나고 있다.

민간의 R&D수행조직은 R&D를 수행하는 지역 내 민간 조직을 평가하는 지표로 인구 만명당 민간 R&D수행조직 수 ,조직별 평균 연구자 수,인구 만명당 민간 연구자 수로 측정한다.IP경영은 기업 등의 IP경영 현황을 평가하는 지표로 IP전담조직 및 전담인력 보유 현황,IP금융(기술가치평가 보증 건수 등)및 신규 기술집약형 중소기업 수 등으로 측정한다.

그림 25 2008-2014 일본특허 주요 출원인 제4절 기타 I. 중국 1. 식물신품종보호조례 중국 국무원은 1997년 3월 중화인민공화국 식물신품종보호조례를 공포하였고, 농업부는 1999년 시행세칙을 제정하였다. 또한, 1999년에는 UPOV(1978년판) 조약에 가입하였다.

그 중에서 특허성 평가의 비기술적 부분에 관한 교육과정은 특허심사ㆍ 소송에서 비기술적 부분과 관련해 가장 빈번하게 문제가 되는 이슈들에 관 해 다른 특허사무소의 관행들에 관해 검토하는 교육과정이다. 이 과정은 6년 이상의 심사 경력을 가진 상급 경력자를 대상으로 실시되는 교육인데, 특허 청구항에서 기술적ㆍ비기술적 부분들을 파악하고 비기술적 부분에 대한 신 규성 및 진보성 판단에 관해 실무사례 중심으로 교육하는 프로그램이다. 이 교육과정은 단순 이론교육이나 강의 교육으로 진행되는 것이 아니라 그룹 활동을 통한 학습 방식을 채택하고 있는데, 특히 수강생들은 비기술적 부분 의 심사와 관련한 본인 사례를 발표하고 서로 토론하는 방식으로 심사 노하 우를 공유하기도 한다.

- 120 - 확보되었다는 등 원고의 나머지 주장에 불구하고 산업상 이용가능성 이 없는 것이므로 특허등록의 적격이 없다 할 것이다.

요소 순위 투입 인프라 활동 성과 o (투입) IP 성과를 창출하기 위한 활동에 필수적인 투입 요소를 평가하기 위한 지표로 기 존 IP스톡, IP사업 예산, R&D 예산 등으로 측정 o (인프라) 지역 IP 활동을 위한 기반이 되는 요소를 평가하기 위한 지표로 RIPC(지역지식 재산센터)의 역량, 지역의 산업구조, IP 인력의 전문성 및 IP 교육 등의 지표로 측정 o (활동) IP성과를 창출하기 위한 공공과 민간의 연구개발 활동 및 IP 경영 활동(IP금융, IP 전 담조직 운영, 직무발명 보상 등)을 의미 o (성과) 당해 년도의 IP출원량, 출원된 특허의 질적 수준, IP 이전 및 사업화, IP집약 산업의 생산성 등 IP창출 성과와 IP로 인한 경제적 성과로 측정 - 87 - 2.2~4번 문항은 대분류 지표인 투입에 관한 질문입니다.투입을 측정하기 위한 중분류 상의 기준들에 대한 상 대적 중요도를 체크(√)해 주십시오. 요소(A) 절대 중요 매우 중요 중 요 약간 중요 같 다 약간 중요 중 요 매우 중요 절대 중요 요소(B) IP스톡 ⑨ ⑧ ⑦ ⑥ ⑤ ④ ③ ② ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ 재정 투자 ( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( ) *위 두 가지 요소에 대한 우선순위를 매겨주시기 바랍니다.

UPOV 보호체계와 특허법 보호체계는 서로 다른 역사적 맥락에서 생성 및 발전해 왔 으며, 그 보호대상 및 요건, 출원 및 심사절차, 권리의 효력 및 범위 등에서 차이가 있다.

그리고 국제지식재산연수원은 중앙부처, 지방자치단체의 공무원을 대상으 로도 지식재산 기초지식 및 실무 교육을 실시하고 있다. 이러한 타부처 공무 원들을 대상으로 한 맞춤형 지식재산 교육도 국내에서 다른 유관기관들이 운영하지 않는 교육 프로그램으로서 국제지식재산연수원이 유일하게 이를 담당하고 있다. 하지만 현재로서 국제지식재산연수원의 교육 프로그램 중에 서 타부처 공무원을 대상으로 한 교육과정은 인원 비율 기준으로 전체의 약 3.0%에 불과하다.